सर्वद्वाराणि संयम्य मनो हृदि निरुध्य च ।
मूर्ध्न्याधायात्मनः प्राणमास्थितो योगधारणाम् ॥
ओमित्येकाक्षरं ब्रह्म व्याहरन्मामनुस्मरन् ।
यः प्रयाति त्यजन्देहं स याति परमां गतिम् ॥
Transliteration
sarva-dvārāṇi saṃyamya mano hṛdi nirudhya ca |
mūrdhny-ādhāyātmanaḥ prāṇam-āsthito yoga-dhāraṇam || 12 ||
om-ity-ekākṣaraṃ brahma vyāharan mām-anusmaran |
yaḥ prayāti tyajan-dehaṃ sa yāti paramāṃ gatim || 13 ||
Translation
Restraining all the gates[of senses], and confining the mind in the heart, placing his Prāna in the head, occupied in steadiness of yoga, Uttering the one-syllabled Om, the Brahman, and meditating on Me—he who departs, leaving the body, attains the Supreme Goal.
Purport
What described in these two Shlokas is the state of Kaivalya as Shri Ramanujacharya defines. The last Chapter of Shri Patanjali Yog sutram, known as KaivalyaPad, describes the details of Kaivalya means pertaining to Chitta or mana(translated as mind in English) and leaving aside the material body and its connection with the material world through senses. In other words, the state of kaivalya is also termed as the state of self-realization. This is the same state which sanyasis and bramcharis attain after the rigorous practice of Yoga and Brahmacharya.
Bhagvan Shri Krishna defines the following four characterizes of this state
1 Restraining gates [of senses]: Human contains 9 openings in their bodies, viz: two eyes, two noses, two ears, one mouth, one genital and one excretory organ. These are the base of senses in the human body. Restraining these sense organs is the basic principle of Bramhacharya and sanays.
2. Focusing mind on heart: Mind should be free from all external thoughts and fully fixed on the heart.
3. Placing prana in head: The prana is the vital force which maintains the life energy. The fixation of Prana at appropriate places is what called as Ashtanga yoga. There are 7 Chakras in human, the highest been sahashtrastra chakra which is situated in the head. When the prana is situated in head the practice of Yoga is perfected.
4. Uttering syllable OM: Om is the representation of the eternal life energy of Bhagvan Shri Krishan, the Bramhan. “OM” is not just one letter but a word and a whole sentence in itself, that is why termed as “ekākṣaraṃ”, one syllable.
5 Meditation upon Bhagvan Shri Krishna: In this Shloka Bhagvan Shri Krishna used the first person “mām-anusmaran” means remembering of me.
The above are 5 characteristics of the state of Kaivalya which is attained by sanyasis and yogis after a stringent practice.
Bhagvan Shri Krishna explains if any human no matter, if he has practiced Yoga in his life or not, but is able to do above at the last moment, will attain the supreme state of Moksha.
